Theodolite



M- ROUX.

THEODOLITE.

APPLICATION FILED M28. 1921- Patented Oct. 17, 1922 3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Jnventor Jim W M. ROUX.

THEODOLITE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28' I921.

I Inventor:

JIM M Patsnted Got. 17, 1?

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

Ada

M. ROUX.

THEODOLITE.

APPLICATION men JAN.28, 1921.

Patented "Oct. 17, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Jnventorr Jim Patented Oct. 17, 1922 UNITED STATES MAX ROUX, OF BERLIN-FRIEDENAU, GERMANY.

rnnonomrn.

Application filed January 28, 1921. Serial No. 440,734.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT MARC Bi 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L, 1313.)

bility in the case of instruments of this kind of observing simultaneously the circle of altitude and the azimuth circle, and it may be recording the results by mechanical means, say, for example, by photography.

In the prior German Patent Nrf 274497 a theodolite is described in the case of Which the same object is achieved by the vertical circle being arranged concentrically to the circle of altitude, and the former being impelled by a toothed gear from the axis of the telescope. However, possibilities of transmission of this character and therewith the concentric positioning of the two graduated circles relatively to each other are not always afforded The various auxiliary devices arranged in conjunction with the theodolite frequently render such' a form of construction and in particular the application of the gear transmission, required to this "end, impossible. It is therefore an ob ject of my invention to accomplish the purpose specified in the case of such theodolites in which the azimuth circle is disposed at right angles to the circle of altitude. Hitherto this has not been possible, because vertical circle and circle of altitude are always disposed in entirely different planes. In contradistinction hereto, in accordance With my invention, the vertical or azimuth circle with the divisions arranged on its lateral face, and the circle of altitude disposed at right angles thereto and having its divisions arranged on its front face, are disposed tangentially with reference to each other, so

that both divisions, despite the fact of the parts being disposed at right angles relatively to each other will, together with the appropriate verniers, come to lie in one plane and may therefore be observed and it may be photographed simultaneously.

I am aware that means to make photographic records in connection with measuring instruments of the most diverse kind are already known. Notwithstanding, it has so far not yet been proposed to make use of photographic recording means in connection with theodolites, although photography when employed with certain auxiliary devices thereof offers special ad- Vant-ages. For if, in accordance with my invention, when releasing the closing mechanism of the photographic apparatus, there be actuated an interconnected chronograph,

or if this be accomplished by the electric circuit serving to effect the aforesaid releasing action, then there may be readily ascertained from a number of photographic views and a corresponding number of chronometer records by interpolation the velocity of motion of the object observed. In this case, I have found it expedient to release the closing mechanism of the photographic apparatus by electric means, say, by intervention of a contact arranged on the handle belonging to the driving shaft of the theodolite, so that the release of the closing mechanism and therewith the'photographic recording of the graduated parts will always take place when the observer comes to View the object. observed in the cross wires.

In the drawings affixed to this specification and forming part thereof, a theodolite embodying my invention is illustrated by way; of example. In the drawings?- Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the V theodolite, Fig. 2 is a pertinent, side elevation thereto, L

Fig. 3 is a side elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the photographic closing mechanism with electromagnetic release, and

Fig. 4 is a view of the feed device for the sensitive tape, and which at the same time serves to effect the return motion of the photographic closing mechanism.

' Referring to these drawings, 1 denotes a suitable telescope having an eyepiece 2 and gether with the telescope there revolves the.

azimuth circle 8, the divisons of which are arranged at the side thereof, whereas the circle of altitude 9 is adapted to be revolved with the intervention of the worm wheel 10 by the driving shaft 11. 12 denotes the Vernier for the azimuth circle 8, and 13 that for the circle of altitude 9. The divisions of this latter are arranged. on thefront face thereof. Circles 8 and 9 are arranged, subject to my invention, in suchwise that they will come to be disposed tangentially with reference to each other, with the result that the particular sectio n of these circles to be observed for the time being, i. e., that part of the azimuth circle 8 lying opposite to the I Vernier 12 and that part of the circle of altitude 9 opposite" to the Vernier 13, will come to be disposed in one; plane. It will be readily understood that in-consequence of this arrangement of the twocircles, the possibility is afiordedfof recording the divisions required togethenwith'the verniers by mechanical means. In the present instance this is done b aid of photography.

As disclose in. Figs. 1 and 2, there is arranged in lateral extensions appertaining to the theodolite support, a separate casing 14, containing besides a photographic camera 15, the feed mechanism for the sensitive tape and means for opening and shutting thephotographic' closing mechanism. The chamber or box 15 of the camera is disposed with its longitudinal axis at right angles to the axis of theimage produced combinedly bythe 'divisons located in one and the same plane and appertaining to the azimuth circle 8, verniers 12 and 13 and the circle of alti-.

divisions to be photographed, there is ro-.

vided within the extension 19 an arti cial source of light, say, for example, an electric glow lamp 20, and this in such a manner that the rays of light emanating fromthe saidsource will intensely illumine the divisions of the azimuth circle 8, of the verniers 12 and 13 and of the circle of altitude 9, freely exposed by an opening formed in the casing 19. The sensitive tape'18 rolls off from a reel 21 (Fig. 2), passes then through the lower portion of chamber 15, thence across the feed roller 22 and is finally wound onto thei reel 23. In this form of execution,

both the winding reel. 23 as also th feed roller 22 must "be operated. Having, how.

.ever, regard to the fact that by the tape bein wound continuously upon the reel 23, the iameter thereof will gradually come to augment, it follows that little by little there will arise difi'erences in the feeding speed manner shown in Fig. 3.

tion being then transmitted upon the winding reel 23 by intervention of a small belt 24 cnnsisting of an endless, helically, wound spring. By the provision of such a spring,

the 'possibility is afforded of expanding it on one-side and compressing it more or less on the other, so that differences of motion of the aforesaid kind may be easily equalized while, at the same time there will under all conditions be secured a uniform feed speed for the tape.

The closing mechanism is arranged immediately below the objective 17. Its construction is as a whole immaterial as far as its use in connection with my invention is concerned,.although it may be advisable to -construct this closing mechanism in the The closure proper consists of twosheet metal elements 25 and26 operating after the manner of shutters, which are acted upon by springs 27 and 28 and, are adapted to turn about a common fulcrum 29. One of the said shutters is provided with a projection 30 which when in the closing position is retained by a correspondin projection 31 of. a lever 32. This lever, which is acted upon by a spring 33 is fitted with an iron block 34 serving as the armature for an electromagnet 35. Hence, on the electromagnet 353 being excited it attracts not only the arma ture, 34 but with its lever 32 so that the projection'31 will come to release the counter projection 30 of the closing mechanism, with the result that this latter impelled by springs 27' and 28 will now be moved into the position disclosed in dash and dot lines in Fig 3.

In the-course of this movement, the ob jective is suitably opened, so that an image will be thrown upon the sensitive tape. In the place of the electromagnet 35, use. may also be made of any other motor.

The electromagnet is excited by intervention of a contact 36 arranged in the handle 37 of the driving shaft 11 of the circle of altitude (Fig. 2). The handle 38 for the driving shaft 7 of the azimuth circle. is constructed on the customary simple lines; The arrangement of the contact 36 in the 'handle of the driving shaft embodies the served through the telescope is located in the cross wires.

The circuit serving to excite the electromagnet 35 preferably passes across contacts 39 to a chronograph of customary construction (not shown), so that on the electromagnet 35 being excited there will not only take place the opening of the photographic clos-- ing mechanlsm in the manner above de -fords the means as will be seen of recordscribed, but and at the same time the chronograph will be actuated, so that at this point, too, a record will be made.

If, as above set forth, the closure 25, 26, be released by the excitation of the electromagnet then a projection 40 arranged on the shutttr '26 will come to abut against a tappet 41 fixed to a longitudinally shiftable shaft 42 in suchwise that this shaft will be displaced. In this longitudinal displacement of shaft 42 a tappet 43 is caused to participate which serves to close the contacts 44 within the circuit ofwhich there is connected a motor 45 (Fig. 1) of any type whatsoever. In the; form of construction shown, this motor ossesses the shape of a double solenoid which when excited will draw the appropriate iron cores 46 in-' wards in the known manner and will thus produce a longitudinal motion serving by means of a cord attached to one of the cores 46 to return the closure 25, 26 into its initial position and at the same time to feed the sensitive tape forward for a certain space. The cord attached to cores 46 runsacross pulleys 47 and 48 to a switch lever 49 (Fig. 4)

which in the course of its motion first abuts against a tappet 50 of a longitudinally shiftable shaft 51 and this causes this latter to be moved forward in the longitudinal direction. In the course of this longitudinal displacement, a second tappet 52 mounted on this shaft strikes against a projection 53 belonging to the closing mechanism 25,26 so that this latter will be returned into the position disclosed in full lines in Fig. 3.

Owing to the fact of the switch lever 49 being simultaneously operated, a toothed wheel 54 comes to be "turned driving a toothed wheel 55 mounted on the axis of the feed roller 22, so that this latter. will in its turn be revolved and enabled to feeds the sensitive tape forward. As already previously mentioned, the winding reel 23 is thereupon operated by the feed roller 22 with the intervention of a belt 24 consisting of an endless helical spring, and the sensitive tape or film is directly wound up for the extent fed forward.

The hereinbefore described theodolite af- ,actuating the contact 36- arranged lIl the handle 37 of the driving shaft 11 on the object under observation being precisely located in the cross wires of the telescope. Since, conjointly with the photographic record there are also made chronometric connection with; theodolites of observing and reading both circles simultaneously from the same spot, a feature which facilitates to a high degree the manipulation of the instrument even in cases where the necessity of making a photographic record does not prevail.

I claim 2-- 1. In a theodolite the combination of a telescope, the emergence lens of which being disposed at right angles to the eyepiece,- of means for rotating the telescope, of a sup-- porting member, forming a bearingfor the said telescope, of an azimuth circle, connected with the telescope, the divisions of which being'arranged at the side thereof, of a circle of altitude with means for rotating the sameon the support of the instrument, the divisions of this circle of altitude being arranged on the front of the same, of two veniers, onesbelonging to the azimuth circle, the other belonging'to the circle of altitude,.-the two circles being arranged tangentially relatively to each other so that parts of the divisions of both circles with the appropriate verniers will come to lie in one plane.

2. In a theodolite the combination of a telescope, the emergence lens of which being disposed at right angles to the eyepiece, of means for rotating the telescope, of a supporting member, forming a bearing for the said telescope, of an azimuth circle, connected with the telescope, the divisions of which being arranged at the side thereof, of a circle of altitude with means for rotating the same on the support of the instrument, the divisions of this circle of altitude being arranged on the front face of the same, of two verniers, one belonging to the azimuth circle, the other belonging to the circle of altitude, the two circles being arranged tangentially relatively to each other so that parts of thedivisions of both circles with the appropriate verniers will come to lie in one plane, of a photographic camera, arranged in a casing, which is detachably fixed'to the theodolite, this camera being provided with an objective, a photographic closing device and a sensitive tape and of means for feeding the tape through the photographic camera.

3. In a theodolite the combination of a telescope, the emergence lens of which be ing disposed at right angles to the eyepiece, of means for rotating the telescope, of a supporting member, forming a bearing for the said telescope, of an azimuth circle, c0nnected with the telescope, the divisions of which being arranged at the side thereof, of a circle of altitude with means for rotating the same on the support of the instrument, the divisions of this circle of altitude being arranged onthe front face of the same, of two verniers, one belonging to the azimuth circle, the other belonging to the circle of altitude, the two circles being arranged tangentially relatively to each other so that parts of the divisions of both circles with the appropriate verniers will come to lie in one plane, of a vertically disposed photographic camera, arranged in a casing, which is detachably fixed to the theodolite, this camera being provided with an objective, a photographic closing device and a sensitive tape, of means for feeding the tape through the photographic camera, of a mirror, arranged above the said photographic camera and disposed at an angle of 45 in front of the divisions of both the circles and the verniers of the theodolite.

4. In a theodilite the combination of a telescope, the emergence lens of which being disposed at right angles to the eyepiece, of

means for rotating the telescope, of a supporting member, forming a bearing for the said telescope, of an azimuth circle, connected withthe telescope, the divisions of which being arranged at the side thereof, of a circle of altitude with means for rotating the same on the support of the instrument,-the divisions of this circle of altitude being arranged on the front face of-the same, of two verniers, one belonging to the azimuth circle, the other belonging to the circle of altitude, the two circles being arranged tangentially relatively to each other so that parts of the divisions of both circles with the appropriate verniers will come to lie in one plane, of a photographic camera, arranged in a casing, which is detachably fixed to the theodolite, this camera being provided with an objective, a photo raphic closing device and a sensitive tape, 0 means for feeding the tape through the photographic camera, of a chronograph being electrically connected with the closing device of the photographic camera in such a way that when opening the closing device a chronometric record takes place at the same time.

5. In" a theodolite the combination of a telescope, the emergence lens of which being disposed at right angles to the eyepiece, of means for rotating the telescope, of a supporting member, forming a bearing for the said telescope, of an azimuth circle, connected with the telescope, the divisions of divisions of both circles with the appropriate verniers will come to lie in one plane, of a photographic camera, arranged in a casing, which is detachably fixed to the theodolite, of a sensitive tape, fed through the camera, of means for transporting the tape, of an objective and a photographic closing device, being under control of an electromagnet, the electric circuit of which contains a switch in the handle for rotating the circle of altitude so that photographic views of the divisions can take place precisely in the instant when the observer views the object observed in the cross wire of the telescope.

6; In a th'eodolite the combination of a telescope, the emergence lens of which being disposed at right angles to the eyepiece,

of means for rotating the telescope, of asupporting member, forming a bearing for the said telescope, of an azimuth circle, connected with the telescope, the divisions of which being arranged at the side thereof,

ofa circle of altitude with means for rotating the same on the support of the instrument by the aid of a handle, the divisions of this circle of altitude being arranged on the front face of the same, of two verniers, one belonging to the azimuth circle, the other belonging to the circle of altitude, the two circles being arranged tangentially relatively to each other so, that parts of the divisions of both circles with the appro priate verniers will come to lie in one plane, of a photographic camera, arranged in a casing, which is detachably fixed to the theodolite, of a sensitive tape, fed through the camera, of means for transporting the tape, of an objective and a photographic closing device, being under control of an electromagnet,the electric circuit of which contains a switch in the handle for rotating the circle of altitude, of another electriccircuit, which is closed by opening the photographic closing device and which contains a suitable power element or motor,

which is energized by the said circuit, theretelescope, the emergence lens of which being disposed at right angles to the eyepiece,

of means for rotating the telescope, of a supporting member, forming a bearing for the said telescope, of an azimuth circle connected with the telescope, the divisions of which being arranged at the side thereof, of a circle of altitude with means for rotating the same on the support of the instrument by the aid of a handle, the divisions of this circle of altitude being arranged on the front face of the same, of two verniers, one belonging to the azimuth circle, the other belonging to the circle of altitude, the two circles being arranged tangentially relatively to each other so that parts of the divisions of both circles with the appropriate verniers will come to lie in one plane, of a photographic camera, arranged in a casing, which is detachably fixed to the theodolite, of a sensitive tape, fed through the camera, of means for transporting the tape, of an objective and a photographic closing device, being under control of an electromagnet, the electric circuit of which contains a switch in the handle for rotating the circle of altitude, of another electric circuit, which is closed by opening the photographic closing device and which contains a suitable power element or motor, which is energized by the said circuit, thereby returning the closing mechanism to its initial position and at the same time rotating the feed roller for the sensitive tape to feed forward the same for a certain space, the feed roller being connected with the reel, upon which the said tape is wound, by means of an endless helical spring.

In testimony whereof I have afliXed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MAX ROUX. Witnesses:

Utrro E. GOEPKE, Ross STAHLQ 

